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Ok! The first half of Symfony:
route-controller-response is in the books!

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The second half is all about useful objects.

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Obviously, returning a string response
like this is not going to take us very far.

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Our aquanauts demand more!

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In real life, we might need to
render a template, query a database,

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or even turn objects into JSON for an API!

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Symfony comes with many, optional, useful
objects to help out with stuff like this.

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For example, want to send an email?

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Symfony has an object for that.

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How about log something?

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There's an object for that.

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These objects are commonly called
services, and that's important:

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when you hear the word service,
just think "useful object".

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To keep track of all of these services,

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Symfony puts them into one big
associative array called the container.

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Each object has a key - like mailer or logger.

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And to be more honest with you -
sorry, I do like to lie temporarily -

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the container is actually an object.

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But think of it like an array: each
useful object has an associated key.

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If I give you the container, you can ask for the
logger service and it'll give you that object.

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The second half of Symfony is all about finding

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out what objects are available
and how to use them.

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Heck, we'll even add our own service
objects to the container before too long.

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That's when things get really cool.

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The first useful object is the templating
service: it renders Twig templates.

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To get access to the service container, you
need to extend Symfony's base controller.

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In GenusController, add extends
Controller from FrameworkBundle.

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Hit tab to autocomplete and get the use
statement: To get the templating service,

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add $templating =
$this->container->get('templating'):

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The container pretty much
only has one method: get.

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Give it the nickname to the service
and it will return that object.

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It's super simple.

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Quickly, open the var directory,
right click on the cache directory

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and click "mark this directory as excluded".

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Symfony caches things...

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that's not important yet, but
excluding this is important:

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this directory confuses autocompletion.

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Now type $this->container->get('templating').

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Well hey autocompletion!

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With the templating object we can...

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well... render a template!

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Add $html = $templating->render('')
followed by the name of the template.

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This could be anything, but let's
be logical: genus/show.html.twig.

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I'll show you where this lives in a second:

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We'll also want to pass some
variables into the template.

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Pass a name variable into
Twig that's set to $genusName.

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Finally, what do we always
do in Symfony controllers?

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We always return a Symfony's Response object.

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Stick, that $html into the response object
and return it: Ok, where do templates live?

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Ah, it's so simple: templates
live in app/Resources/views.

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The one we're looking for will be in
app/Resources/views/genus/show.html.twig.

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The existing index.html.twig template
was for the original homepage.

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Check it out if you want to, then delete it!

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Create a new genus directory and
then a new file: show.html.twig.

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Welcome to Twig!

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You'll love it.

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Add an tag with The Genus and then {{
name }} to print the name variable.

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More on Twig in a second: But that's it!

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Refresh the browser.

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Check out that sweet h1 tag.

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Now back up: we just did something
really cool: used our first service.

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We now know that rendering a template isn't
done by some deep, dark part of Symfony:

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it's done by the templating object.

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In fact, Symfony doesn't really do anything:
everything is done by one of these services.