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03.

Testing Class Methods

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As a reminder, the class is currently pretty simple: we pass some data to the constructor... and then we can read that data via some methods. Instead of just "hoping" this all works, let's go ahead and make sure that our Dinosaur class is really bug-free with some tests!

In DinosaurTest, remove these two tests and replace them with public function testCanGetAndSetData():

25 lines | tests/Unit/Entity/DinosaurTest.php
// ... lines 1 - 7
class DinosaurTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanGetAndSetData(): void
{
// ... lines 12 - 22
}
}

Inside... we're literally going to play with the object by instantiating it and trying some methods.

So, $dino = new Dinosaur().... and pass in some data. For the name, eh - let's use Big Eaty: he's our resident Tyrannosaurus who happens to be 15 meters in length. And Big Eaty is currently living in Paddock A:

25 lines | tests/Unit/Entity/DinosaurTest.php
// ... lines 1 - 7
class DinosaurTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanGetAndSetData(): void
{
$dino = new Dinosaur(
name: 'Big Eaty',
genus: 'Tyrannosaurus',
length: 15,
enclosure: 'Paddock A',
);
// ... lines 18 - 22
}
}

Now that we have our Dinosaur object, we can write a few assertions. self::assertSame() that Big Eaty is identical to $dino->getName(), assertSame() that Tyrannosaurus is identical to $dino->getGenus(), assertSame() that 15 is identical to getLength(), and last but not least, assertSame() that Big Eaty is still in Paddock A when we call getEnclosure()... and not running wild around the island:

25 lines | tests/Unit/Entity/DinosaurTest.php
// ... lines 1 - 7
class DinosaurTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanGetAndSetData(): void
{
$dino = new Dinosaur(
name: 'Big Eaty',
genus: 'Tyrannosaurus',
length: 15,
enclosure: 'Paddock A',
);
self::assertSame('Big Eaty', $dino->getName());
self::assertSame('Tyrannosaurus', $dino->getGenus());
self::assertSame(15, $dino->getLength());
self::assertSame('Paddock A', $dino->getEnclosure());
}
}

Let's try it! Move back to your terminal and run:

./vendor/bin/phpunit

Should I Test that Method?

And... YES! We have one test with four assertions. But... looking back at our Dinosaur class, we're not really doing a whole heck of a lot in here. We're requiring a few arguments in our constructor, setting them on properties, and exposing those properties with getter methods. Nothing complex at all. So while our DinosaurTest is perfectly acceptable, it's not the most useful. Because the odds of these methods having a bug are low. And besides, if there were a bug, we'll probably catch it while testing other parts of our app that call these.

The point is: while you can do whatever you want, this probably isn't a test that I would write in a real project. My rule of thumb is: if a method scares, it's worth a test. And if you're not sure, it's always safe to add a test.

The Order of the assert() Method Arguments

By the way: the argument order for the assert methods is important.

The first argument should always be the expected argument - like Big Eaty - and the second should be the actual value we get - like $dino->getName(). This isn't a huge deal for the assertions we're using here... though if you reverse this, the error message will be confusing.

It is more important for other assertions, like assertGreaterThan()... which we can use to test that $dino->getLength() is greater than 10.

30 lines | tests/Unit/Entity/DinosaurTest.php
// ... lines 1 - 7
class DinosaurTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanGetAndSetData(): void
{
// ... lines 12 - 18
self::assertGreaterThan(
$dino->getLength(),
10
);
self::assertSame('Big Eaty', $dino->getName());
self::assertSame('Tyrannosaurus', $dino->getGenus());
self::assertSame(15, $dino->getLength());
self::assertSame('Paddock A', $dino->getEnclosure());
}
}

When we try this:

./vendor/bin/phpunit

Yup! One failure in DinosaurTest:

Failed asserting that 10 is greater than 15.

Whoops! Looking back in our DinosaurTest, this test failed because we passed the actual value first instead of our expected value.

The Assert Message

Before we clean this up, let's pass a 3rd optional argument:

Dino is supposed to be bigger than 10 meters.

31 lines | tests/Unit/Entity/DinosaurTest.php
// ... lines 1 - 7
class DinosaurTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanGetAndSetData(): void
{
// ... lines 12 - 18
self::assertGreaterThan(
$dino->getLength(),
10,
message: 'Dino is supposed to be bigger than 10 meters!'
);
self::assertSame('Big Eaty', $dino->getName());
self::assertSame('Tyrannosaurus', $dino->getGenus());
self::assertSame(15, $dino->getLength());
self::assertSame('Paddock A', $dino->getEnclosure());
}
}

To see what this does, run the tests again:

./vendor/bin/phpunit

And... sweet! The test still fails but now we also see the message, which can sometimes help us more quickly understand what failed and why. Every assert method has this "message" argument and I like to use it when a complex test could use a bit more explanation.

Naming Conventions

I want to circle back to the name of our first test method: testCanGetAndSetData.

31 lines | tests/Unit/Entity/DinosaurTest.php
// ... lines 1 - 7
class DinosaurTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanGetAndSetData(): void
{
// ... lines 12 - 28
}
}

In standard PHP, we try to create methods that are descriptive... but not necessarily super long... since we'll need to call them in our code. Good examples are getGenus() and getName() in the Dinosaur class. But when it comes to testing, keeping things short is not a benefit.

Check it out: I change the name of our test method to testDinosaur()... and then run our tests again.

vendor/bin/phpunit

PHPUnit tells us that DinosaurTest::testDinosaur() failed asserting that 10 is greater than 15. Ok... but what are we testing? The method name - testDinosaur() - tells us nothing... especially since we're inside of a class called DinosaurTest! Yea, I get it: we're testing dinosaurs!

The name of each test method is your chance to describe exactly what you're testing, and even sometimes why. Change the test name back to testCanGetAndSetData(), which does a much better job of explaining the purpose of this test. Notice that it almost reads like a sentence. That's great! And some people even take this further by including the word "it", like testItCanGetAndSetData(). The point is: be descriptive, there's no downside to long test names.

Descriptive Testdox Output

Let me show you one more cool trick with PHPUnit. Move back to the terminal and run our tests again... but this time pass a --testdox flag:

./vendor/bin/phpunit --testdox

And... Wooah! The output is different. Most importantly, it turned the method name into a human-readable sentence... which is minor, but cool.

By the way, the phpunit executable has a lot more options and arguments available. Run PHPUnit with the help flag to see them.

./vendor/bin/phpunit --help

We'll talk about the most useful of these throughout the tutorial.

Before we keep going, we need to cleanup our test. Remove this testGreaterThan() assertion...

25 lines | tests/Unit/Entity/DinosaurTest.php
// ... lines 1 - 7
class DinosaurTest extends TestCase
{
public function testCanGetAndSetData(): void
{
$dino = new Dinosaur(
name: 'Big Eaty',
genus: 'Tyrannosaurus',
length: 15,
enclosure: 'Paddock A',
);
self::assertSame('Big Eaty', $dino->getName());
self::assertSame('Tyrannosaurus', $dino->getGenus());
self::assertSame(15, $dino->getLength());
self::assertSame('Paddock A', $dino->getEnclosure());
}
}

and run our tests again:

./vendor/bin/phpunit --testdox

And... YES! All of our tests are passing. Coming up next, we're going to get philosophical and take a look at Test Driven Development or simply - TDD.