Introduction

Hey friends! Welcome to a brand new course that's all about Dependency Injection Attributes. What are Dependency Injection Attributes? Well, here's a little history lesson:

A Brief History of Symfony Dependency Injection

A long time ago, in a Symfony version far, far away, services (which are objects that do work) had to be configured in separate YAML or XML files. The cool kids called it "wiring up a service". In these files, we'd create a service ID, reference our service class, and then reference any service IDs, parameters, or scalar values that were required. While this worked great, it was a bit cumbersome. Anytime we needed to add, delete, or modify a service's arguments, we'd have to jump into another configuration file and update that as well. Surely we could find a better way to do that, right? You bet!

In a subsequent version of Symfony, still long ago, they added something called "autowiring". This allowed us to just create a PHP service object, and any other services required would be injected automatically. We just needed to type-hint the service class or interface. While this was a huge step forward, we still had to configure this in YAML or XML, even in only slightly more advanced scenarios (like scalar arguments from a parameter). It definitely reduced the amount of time spent in configuration files, but it didn't eliminate it.

Everything got better with PHP 8

Then PHP 8 came along and added native attributes, metadata that can be added to class properties, methods, method arguments, and more. This was the perfect feature to enable us to do all of the configuration right in our service classes. With Symfony 7.1 - the version we'll use in this course - there's a plethora of DI attributes to use, and we'll take a look at each of them. We'll see that editing a separate configuration file is only necessary in rare, super advanced scenarios. For the most part, the services.yaml file, which is included in every new Symfony app, is all we'll ever need, and it will hardly ever change. We'll showcase all of these attributes in a fun little app so you can see how they work.

The Problem

So here's the scenario: We have a smart TV, but we've lost the remote. We searched everywhere, but it's nowhere to be found. I bet those pesky remote gnomes took it to sell on "Gnomeslist"...

We found a replacement remote online, but it's backordered and it'll take forever to get here. What do we do? Well, while we were looking for a solution on "RemoteOverflow.com", a user (who is definitely not a gnome) told us about an API that exists for our smart TV. As web developers, we can use that API to create our own remote we can access and use on any tablet connected to our home network. Thank goodness the gnomes didn't steal our tablet, right? Right..?

Install the App

To code along with me, download the course code for this video, open it in your IDE of choice, and follow the setup steps in the README.md file. I've already done that. Now we can spin over to our terminal and run

symfony serve -d

to run the server in the background. Hold "command" and click on the URL here to open our app in the browser, and... there's our remote! It does all the usual remote things like changing the channel, powering the TV on and off, and increasing or decreasing the volume. That's pretty much it for now. If we spin over to the code, it's an almost out-of-the-box Symfony 7.1 app.

Tour the App

We have a single controller - RemoteController - and single route - home. This controller handles rendering the UI and button clicks. When a button is clicked, we handle the different button logic (represented by a dump()), add the flash message, and redirect to the same route. If it's not handling a button click, it renders this index.html.twig. That's our remote template.

In our templates/ directory, let's take a quick look at base.html.twig. This comes from a standard Symfony install. The UI is styled using Tailwind CSS, but I'm doing something a little different than you may be used to. Instead of installing an asset management system like AssetMapper or Webpack Encore, I'm using the Tailwind CSS CDN to keep things simple. This injects a bit of JavaScript into your page that reads through all of the Tailwind classes you're using in your HTML. Then it builds a custom CSS file and injects it, styling the HTML. As you might imagine, this is kind of slow and should never be used in production. For prototyping and our purposes, it's pretty easy to get going and works great.

Now, if we take a look at index.html.twig, this is our actual remote template. It's pretty standard, and you can see the Tailwind classes we're using. This is where we're rendering our flash message, if one exists, and here are the actual buttons. They're wrapped in a <form> where each <button> submits the form with the name of the button that was clicked. The only thing that's a little non-standard is this <twig:ux:icon ...> tag. This is a combination of two third-party packages that are both part of the Symfony UX Initiative.

UX Icons

First, we're using symfony/ux-icons. This package enables you to add .svg files to this assets/icons directory. Now, you can embed these SVGs in Twig using the filename (minus the .svg) as the name attribute in this tag. You can also add additional attributes like we have here: height, width, class, etc. These will be added to the embedded <svg> element. This package does other awesome things too, so google "Symfony UX Icons" to learn more about it!

Twig Components

The other part of this <twig:ux:icons ...> tag is the tag itself. This comes from the symfony/ux-twig-component package. At its core, it's basically a more advanced Twig {{ include() }} tag, allowing you to pass HTML attributes like class to components. An optional feature it provides is this HTML syntax. If you're familiar with components in frontend frameworks like Vue.js, this is basically the Twig version. The UX Icon package hooks into Twig Components and gives us a handy UX:Icon component that we can render with <twig:ux:icon.... That can make our template easier to read. To learn more about Twig components and all of the cool things they can do, search for "Symfony Twig Components" and check out the documentation!

Next: Let's start refactoring our app to use dependency injection attributes.