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06.

Adding Lists: Value Type

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We have a Recipe entity and, on the frontend, a page that lists the recipes. We also saw how easy it is to create a layout, which instantly makes parts of this page configurable.

Adding Lists of Existing Content via Layouts?

But now, looking at the homepage, I'm wondering if we can add more complex blocks, beyond just text. Could we, for example, add a block that renders a list of recipes? Something similar to what we have here right now... except instead of adding this via a Twig block, it's added entirely via layouts by an admin user? And, to go further, could we even let the admin user choose which recipes to show here?

Totally! If the first big idea of Layouts is allowing Twig template blocks to be rearranged and mixed with dynamic content, then the second big idea is allowing pieces of existing content - like recipes from our database - to be embedded onto our page by admin users.

How? Edit the Homepage Layout. In the blocks on the left, check out this one called "Grid". Add that after our "Hero" Twig block. The Grid allows us to add individual items to it... which could be anything. But, I don't see a way to do that!

Ok, so we know that a lot of blocks, like titles, maps, markdown, etc can be added to our pages in layouts out-of-the-box with no extra setup work. But the purpose of some blocks - like List, Grid, and the Gallery blocks down here (which are just fancy grids that have JavaScript behavior attached to them) - is to render a collection of "items" that are loaded from somewhere else, like our local database, CMS, or even your Sylius store. The "things" or "items" we can add to these blocks are called "value types". And... we currently have zero. If this were a Sylius project, we could install the Sylius and Layouts integration and instantly be able to select products. The same is true if you're using Ibexa CMS.

Adding a Value Type

So here's our next big goal: to add our Recipe Doctrine entity as a "value type" in layouts so that we can create lists and grids containing recipes.

Step one to adding a value type is to tell Layouts about it in a config file. Over in config/packages/netgen_layouts.yaml, very simply, say value_types, and below that, doctrine_recipe . This is the internal name of the value type, and we'll refer to it in a few places. Give it a human-friendly name - Recipe - and for now, set manual_items to false... and make sure that has an "s" on the end:

8 lines | config/packages/netgen_layouts.yaml
netgen_layouts:
// ... lines 2 - 3
value_types:
doctrine_recipe:
name: Recipe
manual_items: false

We'll talk about manual_items more later, but it's easier to set this to false to start.

Head over, refresh our layouts page (it's okay to reload it)... and check out our Grid block! There's a new "Collection type" field and "Manual collection" is our only option right now. So... this still doesn't seem to be working. I can't change this to anything else... and I also can't select items manually.

Dynamic vs Manual Queries

There are two ways to add items to one of these "collection" blocks. The first is a dynamic collection where we choose from a pre-made query. We could choose a "Most Popular" query that would query for the most popular recipes or a "latest recipes" query, to give two examples. The second way to choose items is manually: the admin user literally selects which they want from a list.

Adding a Query Type

We're going to start with the first type: the dynamic collection. We don't see "Dynamic collection" as an option yet because we need to create one of those pre-made queries first. Those pre-made queries are called query_types. We could, for example, create a query type for Recipe called "Most Popular" and another one called "Latest".

How do we create those? Head back to the config file, add query_types and below that, let's say latest_recipes. Once again, this is just an "internal name". Also give it a human-readable name: Latest Recipes:

12 lines | config/packages/netgen_layouts.yaml
netgen_layouts:
// ... lines 2 - 8
query_types:
latest_recipes:
name: 'Latest Recipes'

So... what do we do now? If we head back and refresh... we get a very nice error that tells us what to do next:

Query type handler for latest_recipes query type does not exist.

It's trying to tell us that we need to build a class that represent this query type! Let's do it!

The Query Type Handler Class

Over in the src/ directory, I'm going to create a new Layouts/ directory: we'll organize a lot of our custom Layouts stuff inside here. Then add a new PHP class called... how about LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler. Make this implement QueryTypeHandlerInterface:

31 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 2
namespace App\Layouts;
// ... lines 4 - 5
use Netgen\Layouts\Collection\QueryType\QueryTypeHandlerInterface;
// ... lines 7 - 8
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
// ... lines 11 - 29
}

Then go to "Code Generate" (or Command+N on a Mac), and select "Implement methods" to add the four we need:

31 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 4
use Netgen\Layouts\API\Values\Collection\Query;
// ... line 6
use Netgen\Layouts\Parameters\ParameterBuilderInterface;
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
public function buildParameters(ParameterBuilderInterface $builder): void
{
// TODO: Implement buildParameters() method.
}
public function getValues(Query $query, int $offset = 0, ?int $limit = null): iterable
{
// TODO: Implement getValues() method.
}
public function getCount(Query $query): int
{
// TODO: Implement getCount() method.
}
public function isContextual(Query $query): bool
{
// TODO: Implement isContextual() method.
}
}

Nice! Let's see... I'll leave buildParameters() empty for a minute, but we'll come back to it soon:

42 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 9
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
// ... lines 12 - 15
public function buildParameters(ParameterBuilderInterface $builder): void
{
}
// ... lines 19 - 40
}

The most important method is getValues(). This is where we'll load and return the "items". If our recipes were stored on an API, we would make an API request here to fetch those. But since they're in our local database, we'll query for them.

To do that, go to the top of the class, add a __construct() method with private RecipeRepository $recipeRepository:

42 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 4
use App\Repository\RecipeRepository;
// ... lines 6 - 9
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
public function __construct(private RecipeRepository $recipeRepository)
{
}
// ... lines 15 - 40
}

Then, down in getValues(), return $this->recipeRepository... and use a method that I already created inside of RecipeRepository called ->createQueryBuilderOrderedByNewest(). Also add ->setFirstResult($offset) and ->setMaxResults($limit). The admin user will be able to choose how many items to show and they can even skip some. And so, Layouts passes us those values as $limit and $offset... and we use them in our query. Finish with ->getQuery() and ->getResult():

42 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 9
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
// ... lines 12 - 19
public function getValues(Query $query, int $offset = 0, ?int $limit = null): iterable
{
return $this->recipeRepository->createQueryBuilderOrderedByNewest()
->setFirstResult($offset)
->setMaxResults($limit)
->getQuery()
->getResult();
}
// ... lines 28 - 40
}

Perfect! Below, for getCount(), let's do the exact same thing... except we don't need ->setMaxResults() or ->setFirstResult(). Instead, add ->select('COUNT(recipe.id)'):

42 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 9
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
// ... lines 12 - 28
public function getCount(Query $query): int
{
return $this->recipeRepository->createQueryBuilderOrderedByNewest()
->select('COUNT(recipe.id)')
->getQuery()
// ... line 34
}
// ... lines 36 - 40
}

I'm using recipe because, over in RecipeRepository... if we look at the custom method, it uses recipe as the alias in the query:

56 lines | src/Repository/RecipeRepository.php
// ... lines 1 - 17
class RecipeRepository extends ServiceEntityRepository
{
// ... lines 20 - 42
public function createQueryBuilderOrderedByNewest(string $search = null): QueryBuilder
{
$queryBuilder = $this->createQueryBuilder('recipe')
// ... lines 46 - 53
}
}

After that, update ->getResult() to be ->getSingleScalarResult():

42 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 9
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
// ... lines 12 - 28
public function getCount(Query $query): int
{
return $this->recipeRepository->createQueryBuilderOrderedByNewest()
->select('COUNT(recipe.id)')
->getQuery()
->getSingleScalarResult();
}
// ... lines 36 - 40
}

Phew! That was a bit of work, but fairly straightforward. Oh, and for isContextual(), return false:

42 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 9
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
// ... lines 12 - 36
public function isContextual(Query $query): bool
{
return false;
}
}

We won't need it, but this method is kinda cool. If you return true, then you can read information from the current page to change the query - like if you were on a "category" page and needed to list only products in that category.

Tagging the Query Type Handler Class

Anyways, that's it. This is now a functional query type handler! But if you go over and refresh... it still doesn't work. We get the same error. That's because we need to associate this query type handler class with the latest_recipes query type in our config. To do that, we need to give the service a tag... and there's a really cool way to do this thanks to Symfony 6.1.

Above the class, add an attribute called #[AutoconfigureTag()]. The name of the tag we need is netgen_layouts.query_type_handler: this is straight out of the documentation. We also need to pass an array with a type key set to latest_recipes:

44 lines | src/Layouts/LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler.php
// ... lines 1 - 8
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Attribute\AutoconfigureTag;
#[AutoconfigureTag('netgen_layouts.query_type_handler', ['type' => 'latest_recipes'])]
class LatestRecipeQueryTypeHandler implements QueryTypeHandlerInterface
{
// ... lines 14 - 42
}

This type must match what we have in our config:

12 lines | config/packages/netgen_layouts.yaml
netgen_layouts:
// ... lines 2 - 8
query_types:
latest_recipes:
// ... lines 11 - 12

It ties the two together.

And now... the page works! If we click on our Grid block... we can switch to "Dynamic collection". Awesome! I'll hit Apply and... everything immediately stops loading!

When you have an error in the admin section, there's a good chance it'll show up via an AJAX call. Often, Layouts will show you the error in a modal. But if it doesn't, no worries: just look down here on the web debug toolbar. Yup! We have a 400 error.

Let's fix that next by creating a value converter. Then we'll make our query even smarter.