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21.

Denying Access in a Controller

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I like using access control in security.yaml to help me protect entire sections of my site... like everything under /admin requires some role:

54 lines | config/packages/security.yaml
security:
// ... lines 2 - 50
access_control:
- { path: ^/admin, roles: ROLE_USER }
// ... lines 53 - 54

But most of the time, I protect my site on a controller-by-controller basis.

Open QuestionController and find the new() action:

88 lines | src/Controller/QuestionController.php
// ... lines 1 - 17
class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
// ... lines 20 - 45
/**
* @Route("/questions/new")
*/
public function new()
{
return new Response('Sounds like a GREAT feature for V2!');
}
// ... lines 53 - 86
}

This... obviously... is not a real page... but we're totally going to finish it someday... probably.

Let's pretend that this page does work and anyone on our site should be allowed to ask new questions... but you do need to be logged in to load this page. To enforce that, in the controller - on the first line - let's $this->denyAccessUnlessGranted('ROLE_USER'):

90 lines | src/Controller/QuestionController.php
// ... lines 1 - 17
class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
// ... lines 20 - 45
/**
* @Route("/questions/new")
*/
public function new()
{
$this->denyAccessUnlessGranted('ROLE_USER');
// ... lines 52 - 53
}
// ... lines 55 - 88
}

So if the user does not have ROLE_USER - which is only possible if you're not logged in - then deny access. Yup, denying access in a controller is just that easy.

Let's log out... then go to that page: /questions/new. Beautiful! Because we're anonymous, it redirected us to /login. Now let's log in - abraca_admin@example.com, password tada and... access granted!

If we change this to ROLE_ADMIN... which is not a role that we have, we get access denied:

90 lines | src/Controller/QuestionController.php
// ... lines 1 - 17
class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
// ... lines 20 - 45
/**
* @Route("/questions/new")
*/
public function new()
{
$this->denyAccessUnlessGranted('ROLE_ADMIN');
// ... lines 52 - 53
}
// ... lines 55 - 88
}

The AccessDeniedException

One cool thing about the denyAccessUnlessGranted() method is that we're not returning the value. We can just say $this->denyAccessUnlessGranted() and that interrupts the controller.... meaning the code down here is never executed.

This works because, to deny access in Symfony, you actually throw a special exception class: AccessDeniedException. This line throws that exception.

We can actually rewrite this code in a longer way... just for the sake of learning. This one line is identical to saying: if not $this->isGranted('ROLE_ADMIN') - isGranted() is another helper method on the base class - then throw that special exception by saying throw $this->createAccessDeniedException() with:

No access for you!

92 lines | src/Controller/QuestionController.php
// ... lines 1 - 17
class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
// ... lines 20 - 45
/**
* @Route("/questions/new")
*/
public function new()
{
if (!$this->isGranted('ROLE_ADMIN')) {
throw $this->createAccessDeniedException('No access for you!');
}
// ... lines 54 - 55
}
// ... lines 57 - 90
}

That does the same thing as before.... and the message you pass to the exception is only going to be seen by developers. Hold Command or Ctrl to jump into the createAccessDeniedException() method... you can see that it lives in AbstractController. This method is so beautifully boring: it creates and returns a new AccessDeniedException. This exception is the key to denying access, and you could throw it from anywhere in your code.

Close that... and then go refresh. Yup, we get the same thing as before.

Denying Access with IsGranted Annotation/Attribute

There's one other interesting way to deny access in a controller... and it works if you have sensio/framework-extra-bundle installed, which we do. Instead of writing your security rules in PHP, you can write them as PHP annotations or attributes. Check it out: above the controller, say @IsGranted() - I'll hit tab to autocomplete that so I get the use statement - then "ROLE_ADMIN":

90 lines | src/Controller/QuestionController.php
// ... lines 1 - 12
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\IsGranted;
// ... lines 14 - 18
class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
// ... lines 21 - 46
/**
// ... line 48
* @IsGranted("ROLE_ADMIN")
*/
public function new()
{
return new Response('Sounds like a GREAT feature for V2!');
}
// ... lines 55 - 88
}

If we try this... access denied! We as developers see a slightly different error message, but the end user would see the same 403 error page. Oh, and if you're using PHP 8, you can use IsGranted as a PHP attribute instead of an annotation:

use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\IsGranted;

class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
    // ...
    /**
     * ...
     */
    #[IsGranted("ROLE_ADMIN")]
    public function new()
    {
        return new Response('Sounds like a GREAT feature for V2!');
    }
    // ...
}

Denying Access to an Entire Controller Class

One of the coolest things about the IsGranted annotation or attribute is that you can use it up on the controller class. So above QuestionController, add @IsGranted("ROLE_ADMIN"):

use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\IsGranted;

/**
 * @IsGranted("ROLE_ADMIN")
 */
class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
    // ...
    public function new()
    {
        return new Response('Sounds like a GREAT feature for V2!');
    }
    // ...
}

Suddenly, ROLE_ADMIN will be required to execute any controller in this file. I won't do this... because then only admin users could access my homepage, but it's a great feature.

Ok, back down in new(), let's change this to ROLE_USER... so that the page kind of works again:

90 lines | src/Controller/QuestionController.php
// ... lines 1 - 18
class QuestionController extends AbstractController
{
// ... lines 21 - 46
/**
// ... line 48
* @IsGranted("ROLE_USER")
*/
public function new()
{
// ... line 53
}
// ... lines 55 - 88
}

Right now, every user has just ROLE_USER. So next: let's start adding extra roles to some users in the database to differentiate between normal users and admins. We'll also learn how to check authorization rules in Twig so that we can conditionally render links - like "log in" or "log out" - in the right situation.